Stephen Grossberg

On-Line Publications

Most papers here are in PDF or postscript format (compressed with the gzip utility). If you have problems dealing with these formats, or if you wish to obtain a copy of another technical report not available on-line, you may send a request by e-mail to amos@cns.bu.edu to receive a copy by regular mail.

2003

  • Brown, J.W., Bullock, D., and Grossberg, S. (2003). How laminar frontal cortex and basal ganglia circuits interact to control planned and reactive saccades. Neural Networks, in press. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-2000-023. Available in PDF (BroBulGro2003NN.pdf)(606Kb).


  • Carpenter, G.A. & Grossberg, S. (2003). Adaptive Resonance Theory. In M.A. Arbib (Ed.), The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks, Second Edition, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 87-90. Available in PDF (CarGro2003HBTNN2.pdf)(58Kb).


  • Grossberg, S. (2003). How does the cerebral cortex work? Development, learning, attention, and 3D vision by laminar circuits of visual cortex. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, in press. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-2003-005. Available in PDF (Gro2003BCNR.pdf)(829Kb).

  • Grossberg, S. (2003). Resonant neural dynamics of speech perception. Journal of Phonetics, in press. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report CAS/CNS-2002-008. Available in PDF (Gro2003TIPSPhonetics.pdf)(317KB).

  • Grossberg , S., Govindarajan, K.K., Wyse, L.L. , and Cohen, M.A. (2003). ARTSTREAM: A neural network model of auditory scene analysis and source segregation. Neural Networks , in press. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-03-017. Available in PDF ( GroGovWysCoh2003.pdf )(1.53Mb).


  • Grossberg, S. and Howe, P.D.L. (2002). A laminar cortical model of stereopsis and three-dimensional surface perception. Vision Research, 43, 801-829. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2002-02 . Available in PDF (GroHow02VisRes.pdf)(1.56Mb).

  • Grossberg, S. and Seitz, A. (2003). Laminar development of receptive fields, maps, and columns in visual cortex: The coordinating role of the subplate. Cerebral Cortex, in press. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-02-006. Available in PDF (SeitzGrossbergCerCor.pdf)(5.85Mb)

  • Raizada, R. and Grossberg, S. (2003). Towards a Theory of the Laminar Architecture of Cerebral Cortex: Computational Clues from the Visual System. Cerebral Cortex, 13, 100-113. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2001-12. Available in PDF (RaiGro03CerCor.pdf)(293Kb)

    • 2002

  • Grossberg, S. (2002).  Linking visual cortical development to visual perception.  In B. Hopkins and S. Johnson (Eds.), Annual advances in infancy research. Ablex Press.  Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-26.  Available in PDF (Gro02AAIR.pdf)(1.08Mb).

  • Grossberg, S. and Grunewald, A. (2002). Temporal dynamics of binocular disparity processing with corticogeniculate interactions. Neural Networks, 15, 181-200. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-017. Available in PDF (GroGru02NN.pdf)(308Kb).

  • Grossberg, S., Hwang, S., and Mingolla, E. (2002). Thalamocortical dynamics of the McCollough effect: Boundary-surface alignment through perceptual learning.  Vision Research, 42, 1259-1286. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS TR-01-004. Available in PDF (GroHwaMin02.pdf)(254Kb) and in Gzipped Postscript (GroHwaMin02.ps.gz)(171Kb).

    2001

  • Granger, E., Rubin, M., Grossberg, S., and Lavoie, P. (2001). A what-and-where fusion neural network for recognition and tracking of multiple radar emitters. Neural Networks, in press. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-029. Available in PDF (GraRubGroLav01.pdf)(514Kb) and in Gzipped Postscript (GraRubGroLav01.ps.gz)(271Kb).

  • Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E. and Viswanathan, L. (2001). Neural dynamics of motion integration and segmentation within and across apertures. Vision Research, in press. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-004. Available in PDF (GroMinLav01.pdf)(4.3Mb), HTML (GroMinLav01.html)(1.8Mb) and in Gzipped Postscript (GroMinLav01.ps.gz)(3.5Mb).

  • Grossberg, G. and Williamson, J.R. (2001). A neural model of how horizontal and interlaminar connections of visual cortex develop into adult circuits that carry out perceptual groupings and learning. Cerebral Cortex, 11, 37-58. On-line version available from Cerebral Cortex (GroWil2000.pdf) (499Kb) in PDF format.

  • Pack, C., Grossberg, S. and Mingolla, E. (2001). A neural model of smooth pursuit control and motion perception by cortical area mst. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, in press. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-023. Available in HTML (PacGroMin.JCN00.html)(89Kb), PDF (PacGroMin.JCN00.pdf)(172Kb), or in Gzipped Postscript (PacGroMin.JCN00.ps.gz)(452Kb).

  • Raizada, R. and Grossberg, S. (2001). Context-sensitive bindings by the laminar circuits of V1 and V2: A unified model of perceptual grouping, attention, and orientation contrast. Visual Cognition, in press. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-008. Available in PDF (RaiGro01.pdf) (197Kb) and G'zipped Postscript (RaiGro01.ps.gz) (441Kb). Mac browsers may have difficulty with the equations but the document should print properly.

    2000

  • Ajemian, R., Bullock, D., and Grossberg, S. (2000). Kinematic coordinates in which motor cortical cells encode movement direction. Journal of Neurophysiology, 84, 2191-2203. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-021. Available in PDF AjeBulGro00.pdf (221Kb), and Gzipped postscript AjeBulGro00.ps.gz (683Kb).

  • Grossberg, S. (2000a). The complementary brain: Unifying brain dynamics and modularity. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 233-246. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-003. Available in HTML Gro00a.html (151Kb) and PDF Gro00a.pdf (210Kb).

  • Grossberg, S. (2000b). The imbalanced Brain: From normal behavior to schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 81-98. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-018. Available in HTML Gro.BioPsych2000.html (91Kb), PDF Gro.BioPsy2000.pdf (342Kb), and Gzipped postscript Gro.BioPsy2000.ps.gz (489Kb).

  • Grossberg, S. (2000c). How hallucinations may arise from brain mechanisms of learning, attention, and volition. Invited article for the Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 6, 579-588. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-020. Available in HTML, Gro99.hall.html PDF Gro99.hall.pdf (6.7Mb), and Gzipped postscript Gro99.hall.ps.gz (4.9Mb).

  • Grossberg, S. (2000d). Linking mind to brain: The mathematics of biological intelligence. Notices of the American Mathematical Society, 47, 1361-1372. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-016. Available in HTML Gro00.AMS.html (126Kb) and PDF Gro00.AMS.pdf (112Kb).

  • Grossberg, S. and Myers, C.W. (2000) The resonant dynamics of speech perception: Interword integration and duration-dependent backward effects. Psychological Review, 107, 735-767. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-001. Available in HTML GroMye00.html (350Kb), PDF GroMye00.pdf (504Kb) and Gzipped postscript GroMye00.ps.gz (303Kb).

  • Grossberg, S. and Paine, R.W.(2000). A neural model of corticocerebellar interactions during attentive imitation and predicitve learning of sequential handwriting movements. Neural Networks, 13, 999-1046. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-009. Available in PDF GroPai00.pdf (988Kb) and Gzipped postscript GroPai00.ps.gz (745Kb).

  • Grossberg, S. and Raizada, R. (2000). Contrast-sensitive perceptual grouping and object-based attention in the laminar circuits of primary visual cortex. Vision Research, 40, 1413-1432. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-008. Available in PDF (394Kb), and available in gzip'ed postscript (186Kb).

  • Kelly, F.J. and Grossberg, S. (2000). Neural dynamics of 3-D surface perception: Figure-ground separation and lightness perception. Perception & Psychophysics, 62, 1596-1619. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-026. Note that the Appendix equations and Parameter Table are separate files due to size constraints. The paper is available in HTML KelGro2000.PP.html, PDF KelGro2000p.pdf, and Gzipped postscript KelGro2000p.ps.gz. Appendix equations currently available in HTML KelGro2000.html (29 Kb), PDF KelGro2000.pdf (125 Kb), and Gzipped postscript KelGro2000.ps.gz (43 Kb). The Parameter Table is available separately in HTML table1.html, PDF table1.pdf, and Gzipped postscript table1.ps.gz.

  • Okatan, M. and Grossberg, S. (2000). Frequency-dependent synaptic potentiation, depression, and spike timing induced by Hebbian pairing in cortical pyramidal neurons. Neural Networks, 13, 699-708. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-003. Available in HTML (OkaGro01.htm) (300Kb), PDF (OkaGro01.pdf) (4.295Mb) and in Gzipped Postscript (OkaGro01.ps.gz)(5.253Mb).

  • Ross, Grossberg, S. and Mingolla, E. (2000). Visual cortical mechanisms of perceptual grouping: Interacting layers, networks, columns, and maps. Neural Networks, 13, 571-588. This paper is only available in print. Requests for a reprint of CAS/CNS-TR-98-023 can be sent to amos@cns.bu.edu. Please include street address.

    1999

  • Boardman, I., Grossberg, S., Myers, C., and Cohen, M. (1999). Neural dynamics of perceptual order and context effects for variable-rate speech syllables. Perception & Psychophysics, 6, 1477-1500. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-004. Available in PDF BoaGroMyeCoh99.pdf (377Kb) and Gzipped postscript BoaGroMyeCoh99.ps.gz (168Kb).

  • Brown, J., Bullock, D., and Grossberg, S. (1999). How the basal ganglia use parallel excitatory and inhibitory learning pathways to selectively respond to unexpected rewarding cues. Journal of Neuroscience, 19, 10502-10511. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-011. Available in PDF BroBulGro99.pdf and gzip'ed postscript BroBulGro99.ps.gz (152Kb).

  • Gancarz, G. and Grossberg, G. (1999). A neural model of the saccadic eye movement control explains task-specific adaptation. Vision Research, 39, 3123-3143. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-024. Available in gzip'ed postscript (138Kb).

  • Grossberg, S. (1999). Figure-ground separation by visual cortex. In G. Adelman and B.H. Smith (Eds.), Encyclopedia of neuroscience, second edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 716-721. Available in gzip'ed postscript (68Kb).

  • Grossberg, S. (1999). How does the cerebral cortex work? Learning, attention and grouping by the laminar circuits of visual cortex. Spatial Vision, 12, 163-186. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-97-023. Available in HTML spvis5.html

  • G rossberg, S. (1999). The link between brain learning, attention, and consciousness. Consciousness and Cognition, 8, 1-44. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-97-018. Available in PDF (Gro.concog98.pdf) (336Kb) and postscript (Gro.concog98.ps.gz) (761Kb).

  • Grossberg, S. (1999). Pitch-based streaming in auditory perception. In N. Griffith and P. Todd (Eds.), Musical networks: Parallel distributed perception and performance. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 117-140 Available in gzip'ed postscript (284Kb).

  • Grossberg, S. and Kelly, F.J. (1999). Neural dynamics of binocular brightness perception. Vision Research, 39, 3796-3816. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-018. Available in PDF (GroKel99.pdf) and Gzip'ed postscript GroKel99.ps.gz (549Kb). Appendix Equation file is currently a separate document: Available in PDF (GroKel99b.pdf) and G'zipped postscript. GroKel99b.ps.gz (25Kb).

  • Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E., and Pack, C. (1999). A neural model of motion processing and visual navigation by cortical area MST. Cerebral Cortex, 9, 878-895. Available in HTML GroMinPac99.html. Available in PDF GroMinPac99.pdf, and available in gzip'ed postscript GroMinPac99.ps.gz (1,125Kb).

  • Mingolla, E., Ross, W., and Grossberg, S. (1999). A neural network for enhancing boundaries and surfaces in synthetic aperture radar images. Neural Networks,12, 499-511. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-032. Note: This paper is difficult to download due to the large size of the figure file. Send mail requests to amos@cns.bu.edu for a paper copy. To download only the paper MinRosGro99.ps.gz(55Kb). To download the figures as a separate large file MinRosGro99.figs.ps.gz(2,998Kb).

  • Grossberg, S. and Williamson, J.R. (1999). A self-organizing neural system for learning to recognize textured scenes. Vision Research, 39, 1385-1406. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-97-001. Available in PDF (GroWil99.pdf) or in Gzipped Postscript GroWil99.ps.gz(1.2Mb).

    1998

  • Baloch, A.A., Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E., and Nogueira, C.A.M. (1998). A neural model of first-order and second-order motion perception and magnocellular dynamics. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 16, 953-978. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-96-030. Available in gzip'ed postscript (101Kb). The figure files are available in 3 separate files. Figure file 1. Size in gzip'ed postscript (1,494Kb) Figure file 2. Size in gzip'ed postscript (372Kb) Figure file 3. Size in gzip'ed postscript (611Kb)

  • Cameron, S., Grossberg, S., and Guenther, F.H. (1998). A self-organizing neural network architecture for navigation using optic flow. Neural Computation,10, 313-352. Available in gzip'ed postscript.

  • Gancarz, G. and Grossberg, G. (1998). A neural model of the saccade generator in the reticular formation. Neural Networks, 11, 1159-1174. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-014. Available in gzip'ed postscript (194KB).

  • Grossberg, S. (1998). Birth of a learning law. INNS/ENNS/JNNS Newsletter, 21, 1-4. Appearing with Neural Networks, 11(1). Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report CAS/CNS-TR-97-017. Available in .pdf format (38.8KB).

  • Grossberg, S. (1998). How does the cerebral cortex work? Learning, attention and grouping by the laminar circuits of visual cortex. Spatial Vision, 12, 163-185. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report CAS/CNS-TR-97-023. Available in .html format (755KB).

  • Grossberg, S. and Pessoa, L. (1998). Texture segregation, surface representation, and figure-ground separation. Vision Research, 38, 2657-2684. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-96-025. Available in gzip'ed postscript (198Kb).

  • Grunewald, A. and Grossberg, S. (1998). Self-organization of binocular disparity tuning by reciprocal corticogeniculate interactions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, 199-215. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-96-027.Available in PDF GruGro97.pdf and G'Zipped Postscript GruGro97.ps.gz (97Kb).

    1997

  • Baloch, A. A. and Grossberg, S. (1997). A neural model of high-level motion processing: Line motion and formotion dynamics. Vision Research, 37, 3037-3059. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-96-020. Available in gzip'ed postscript (480Kb).

  • Chey, J., Grossberg, S., and Mingolla, E. (1997). Neural dynamics of motion processing and speed discrimination. Vision Research, 38, 2769-2786. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-94-030. Available in PDF CheGroMin97.pdf (186Kb) and in gzip'ed postscript CheGroMin97.ps.gz (189Kb).

  • Contreras-Vidal, J.L., Grossberg, S., and Bullock, D. (1997). A neural model of cerebellar learning for arm movement control: Cortico-spino-cerebellar dynamics. Learning and Memory, 3, 475-502. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-97-003. Available in PDF ConGroBul97.pdf (555KB) and in gzip'ed postscript ConGroBul97.ps.gz (422KB).

  • Grossberg, S., Boardman, I., and Cohen, C. (1997). Neural dynamics of variable-rate speech categorization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23, 418--503. Available in gzip'ed postscript (288Kb).

  • Grossberg, S. and Grunewald, A. (1997). Cortical synchronization and perceptual framing. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 117-132. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-94-025. Available in gzip'ed postscript (202Kb).

  • Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E., and Ross, W.D. (1997). Visual brain and visual perception: How does the cortex do perceptual grouping? Trends in Neurosciences, 20, 106-111 Available in gzip'ed postscript (1,016Kb).

  • Grossberg, S., Roberts, K., Aguilar, M., and Bullock, D. (1997). A neural model of multimodal adaptive saccadic eye movement control by superior colliculus. Journal of Neuroscience, 17, 9706-9725. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR96-029. Available in gzip'ed postscript (2.6Mb).

    1996

  • Bullock, D., Grossberg, S., and Guenther, F.H. (1996). Neural network modeling of sensory-motor control in animals. In: Zelaznik, H. (Ed.), Advances in Motor Learning and Control. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Press, 261-292. Available in gzip'ed postscript (480Kb).

  • Grossberg, S. and Merrill, J.W.L. (l996). The hippocampus and cerebellum in adaptively timed learning, recognition, and movement. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8, 257-277. Available in PDF (GroMer96.pdf) and in Gzipped Postscript (GroMer96.ps.gz) (141KB)

    1995

  • Bradski, G. and Grossberg, S. (1995). Fast learning VIEWNET architectures for recognizing 3-D objects from multiple 2-D views. Neural Networks, 8, 1053-1080. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-93-053. Available in gzip'ed postscript (480Kb).

  • Gove, A., Grossberg, S., and Mingolla, E. (1995). Brightness perception, illusory contours, and corticogeniculate feedback. Visual Neuroscience, 12, 1027-1052. Preliminary version available as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-94-033. Available in gzip'ed postscript (476Kb).

  • Grossberg, S. (1995). The attentive brain. Invited article for American Scientist, 83, 438-449. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report CAS/CNS-TR-95-012. Available in PDF (groASAttBra1995.pdf)(1.24Mb) and in Gzipped Postscript (Gro96.ps.gz)(252Kb).

  • Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E., and Williamson, J. (1995). Synthetic aperture radar processing by a multiple scale neural system for boundary and surface representation. Neural Networks, 8, 1005-1028. Available in gzip'ed postscript (3,122Kb).

    1992

  • Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., Markuzon, N., Reynolds, J.H., & Rosen, D.B. (1992). Fuzzy ARTMAP: A neural network architecture for incremental supervised learning of analog multidimensional maps. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 3, 698-713. Available in PDF (CarGroMarRey1992IEEETransNN.pdf)(1.56Mb)

    1991

  • Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., & Reynolds, J.H. (1991). ARTMAP: Supervised real-time learning and classification of nonstationary data by a self-organizing neural network. Neural Networks, 4, 565-588. Available in PDF (CarGroRey1991NN.pdf)(2.12Mb).

  • Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., & Rosen, D.B. (1991). ART 2-A: An adaptive resonance algorithm for rapid category learning and recognition. Neural Networks, 4, 493-504. Available in PDF (CarGroRos1991NNART2A.pdf)(1.33Mb).

  • Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., & Rosen, D.B. (1991). Fuzzy ART: Fast stable learning and categorization of analog patterns by an adaptive resonance system. Neural Networks, 4, 759-771. Available in PDF (CarGroRos1991NNFuzzyART.pdf)(1.15Mb)

  • Gaudiano P. and Grossberg S. (1991). Vector associative maps: Unsupervised real-time error-based learning and control of movement trajectories. Neural Networks, 4, 147-183. Available in gzip'ed postscript (352Kb).

    1990

  • Carpenter, G.A. & Grossberg, S. (1990). ART 3: Hierarchical search using chemical transmitters in self- organizing pattern recognition architectures. Neural Networks, 3, 129-152. Available in PDF (CarGro1990NN.pdf)(1.86Mb)

    1989

  • Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., & Mehanian, C. (1989). Invariant recognition of cluttered scenes by a self- organizing ART architecture: CORT-X boundary segmentation. Neural Networks, 2, 169-181. Available in PDF (CarGroMeh1989NN.pdf)(889Kb).

    Please e-mail any updates/comments/suggestions/bugs related to these pages to sdaley@bu.edu June 17, 2003